Home Free Theory Test Practice Resources Highway Code Annex 4. The road user and the law

Annex 4. The road user and the law

Information about the road user and the law, including acts and regulations.

Road traffic law

The following list can be found abbreviated throughout the Code. It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide, but a guide to some of the important points of law. For the precise wording of the law, please refer to the various Acts and Regulations (as amended) indicated in the Code. Abbreviations are listed below.

Most of the provisions apply on all roads throughout Great Britain, although there are some exceptions. The definition of a road in England and Wales is ‘any highway and any other road to which the public has access and includes bridges over which a road passes’ (RTA 1988 sect 192(1)). In Scotland, there is a similar definition which is extended to include any way over which the public have a right of passage (R(S)A 1984 sect 151(1)).

It is important to note that references to ‘road’ therefore generally include footpaths, bridleways and cycle tracks, and many roadways and driveways on private land (including many car parks). In most cases, the law will apply to them and there may be additional rules for particular paths or ways. Some serious driving offences, including drink-driving offences, also apply to all public places, for example public car parks.

The reference to ‘emergency area’ in the Code is an ‘emergency refuge area’ as defined in the Motorways Traffic (England and Wales) Regulations 1982 as amended by the Motorways Traffic (England and Wales)(Amendment)(England) Regulations 2015.

Acts and regulations are available as enacted or as amended at www.legislation.gov.uk and are available in their original print format from The Stationery Office.

Acts and regulations prior to 1988

Act or regulation Abbreviation
Chronically Sick & Disabled Persons Act 1970 CSDPA
Functions of Traffic Wardens Order 1970 FTWO
Greater London (General Powers) Act 1974 GL(GP)A
Highway Act 1835 or 1980 (as indicated) HA
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) Regulations 1982 MT(E&W)R
Pedal Cycles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1983 PCUR
Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981 PPVA
Road Traffic Act 1984 RTA
Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 RTRA
Road Vehicles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1986 CUR
Roads (Scotland) Act 1984 R(S)A

Acts and regulations from 1988 onwards

Act or regulation Abbreviation
Environmental Protection Act 1990 EPA
Horses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Act 1990 H(PHYR)A
Horses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Regulations 1992 H(PHYR)R
Motor Cycles (Eye Protectors) Regulations 1999 MC(EP)R
Motor Cycles (Protective Helmets) Regulations 1998 MC(PH)R
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 or 2018 (as indicated) MT(E&W)(A)R
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2015 MT(E&W)(A)(E)R
Motorways Traffic (Scotland) Regulations 1995 MT(S)R
Motorways Traffic (Scotland) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 or 2018 (as indicated) MT(S)(A)R
Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999 MV(DL)R
Motor Vehicles (Variation of Speed Limits) (England & Wales) Regulations 2014 MV(VSL)(E&W)
Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) Regulations 1993 MV(WSB)R
Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2005 or 2006 (as applicable) MV(WSB)(A)R
Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts by Children in Front Seats) Regulations 1993 MV(WSBCFS)R
New Roads and Streetworks Act 1991 NRSWA
Pedal Cycles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1983 PCUR
Police Reform Act 2002 PRA
Private Crossings (Signs and Barriers) Regulations PC(SB)R
Prohibition of Smoking in Certain Premises (Scotland) Regulations 2006. Scottish SI 2006/No 90 TPSCP(S)R*
Restricted Roads (20mph Speed Limit) Order 2022 (SI 2022/800) RR(20)O
Road Safety Act 2006 RSA
Road Traffic Act 1984, 1988 or 1991 as indicated RTA
Road Traffic Act 1988 (Prescribed Limit)(Scotland) Regulations 2014 PLSR
Road Traffic (New Drivers) Act 1995 RT(ND)A
Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 RTOA
Road Vehicles (Construction and Use)(Amendment)(No 4) Regulations 2003 CUR(A)(No4)R
Road Vehicles (Display of Registration Marks) Regulations 2001 RV(DRM)R
Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989 RVLR
Road Vehicles (Registration & Licensing) Regulations 2002 RV(R&L)R
Sentencing Act 2020 SA
Smoke-free (Exemptions and Vehicles) Regulations 2007 SI 2007/765 TSf(EV)*
Smoke-free Premises etc (Wales) Regulations 2007 SI 2007/W787 TSfP(W)R*
Smoke-free (Private Vehicles) Regulations 2015 S-f(PV)R
Smoke-free Premises etc (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2015 S-f(W)R
Smoking Prohibition (Children in Motor Vehicles) (Scotland) Act 2016 SP(CIMV)(S)A
Traffic Management Act 2004 TMA
Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2002 TSRGD
Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2016 TSRGD 2016
Use of Invalid Carriages on Highways Regulations 1988 UICHR
Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 VERA
Zebra, Pelican and Puffin Pedestrian Crossings Regulations and General Directions 1997 ZPPPCRGD

*Specific legislation applies to smoking in vehicles which constitute workplaces.

For information, visit:

Industry leading reviews from 2376 verified buyers...

Keep up to date with us on social media...

Gearing up for your DVSA driving theory test? 🚗🏍️🚛🚌 Take a FREE online UK theory test practice test with Driving Theory 4 All 👇 https://t.co/pOORgktQtG #theorytest #drivingtheorytest #learnerdriver #theorytestpractice
1 day ago
Do you know your stopping distances? 🚗💡 Understanding them is key to passing your theory test and staying safe on the road. Check out our quick guide to stopping distances and get test-ready now 👇 https://t.co/AQjzlhF7iw #theorytest #learnerdriver #roadsafety
1 day ago
Do you know what the different coloured reflective studs on the motorway mean? 🚗✨ Understanding them is key for safe driving! Find out what each colour means 👇 https://t.co/HJVVIz7mFy #theorytest #learnerdriver #roadsafety #theorytestpractice
1 day ago
What are the pass rates for the DVSA theory test? ✅ The current theory test pass rate for car learner drivers is just 44.9%. Find out more about the pass rates and the theory test pass mark 👇 https://t.co/8oP2dtoPgl #theorytestpassmark #theorytest #drivingtheorytest
1 day ago
Can you spot the national speed limit sign? 🛣️🚗 Test your road sign knowledge! Tap the link to find out and boost your theory test prep 👇 https://t.co/vyGJdl2wIX #theorytest #nationalspeedlimit #learnerdriver #theorytestpractice #roadsigns
1 day ago
Revising for your DVSA theory test? 🚗🏍️🚛🚌✅ Browse our free theory test practice resources, including practice theory tests, hazard perception and Highway Code help 👇 https://t.co/66v9hVuK0d #theorytestpractice #theorytest #learnerdriver
3 days ago
Preparing for your PCV theory test? 🚌 Try a free PCV mock theory test and get instant feedback on your answers 👇 https://t.co/AxWuuty8Xi #pcvtheorytest #theorytest #pcv #bus #uktheorytest
4 days ago
Not sure what sort of questions come up in the DVSA theory test? 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♀️ Go through a sample of the DVSA revision theory test questions and answers 👇 https://t.co/67K9g2c8o5 #theorytest #learnerdriver #theorytestpractice #theorytestquestions
5 days ago
Need to change your theory test date? 📅 Our guide explains how to reschedule or cancel a DVSA theory test booking, what details you'll need, and the notice period to avoid paying again. 🚗✅ https://t.co/hsWfeUOYIZ #changetheorytest #theorytest #learnerdriver
5 days ago
Got your DVSA car theory test coming up? 😟🚗 Take a free car practice theory test and check how ready you are before the real thing 👇 https://t.co/HPszPXchBF #theorytestpractice #theorytest #cartheorytest #learnerdriver
5 days ago
Ready to book your car or motorcycle theory test? 🚗🏍️ Find a DVSA theory test centre near you and start your booking here 👇 https://t.co/X7zRfxQpRy #theorytest #learnerdriver #uktheorytest #booktheorytest #theorytestbooking
5 days ago
Taking the DVSA HGV theory test? 🚛 Sample a free HGV / LGV mock theory test now 👇 https://t.co/p6jyUN7ItJ #hgvtheorytest #lgvtheorytest #theorytest #lorry
6 days ago
Take a FREE Hazard Perception Test 🚗🛣️⚠️ Preparing for the DVSA hazard perception test and looking for a free hazard perception practice test? Sample a hazard perception test clip now 👇 https://t.co/WhqbFkSkWa #hazardperception #theorytest
6 days ago
Are you learning to drive and looking for extra assistance for your driving theory test practice? 👀 Our 'Learning to Drive' articles can help! 😍 Find our more now 👇 https://t.co/RDwGZhp5NI https://t.co/Mr6FsWIzL7
1 week ago
When can you take your theory test? 📆 We'll guide you through everything you need to know about when you can book and take your theory test 👇 https://t.co/uCYuknKBql #TheoryTest #LearnToDrive #RoadSafety https://t.co/M546fRe9SC
1 week ago
Are you learning to drive and looking for extra assistance for your driving theory test practice? 👀 Our 'Learning to Drive' articles can help! 😍 Find our more now 👇 https://t.co/RDwGZhp5NI https://t.co/T7hmzbiT9j
1 week ago
How to change your UK driving theory test 🗓️ Changing or cancelling a DVSA theory test date is a straightforward process. This article gives you the steps to follow to reschedule your theory test booking 👇 https://t.co/hsWfeUOYIZ #changetheorytest #theorytest https://t.co/Muyx2sEJm3
1 week ago
Looking for a quick and easy way to practice for your DVSA car theory test and PASS first time? ⚡ Get instant online access to the latest DVSA revision questions and CGI hazard perception clips, exclusive tutorial videos, plus much more 👇 https://t.co/Y2wHD1ZtFh #theorytest https://t.co/AYlDxSXSm4
1 week ago
Our AI-powered smart theory test app will help you get test ready fast and PASS first time 📱🚗 Find out everything you need to know about our theory test app 👇 https://t.co/pf8Nhn0Z52 #theorytestapp #drivingtheorytest https://t.co/Bm6HTh63to
1 week ago
Is your driving theory test coming up soon? 👀 The best way to prepare is by taking practice theory tests, especially if your test date is close. 🎓 We’ve got free practice tests ready for you. Try one now. 👇 https://t.co/pOORgktQtG #theorytestpractice #cartheorytest
1 week ago