The official Highway Code

Annex 4. The road user and the law

Information about the road user and the law, including acts and regulations.

4.7 · 2,555 reviews 800,000+ learners ✓ Trading Standards
Studied this chapter?

Book your DVSA theory test with unlimited re-sits* and complete theory test prep in one place.

Book my theory test now

Road traffic law

The following list can be found abbreviated throughout the Code. It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide, but a guide to some of the important points of law. For the precise wording of the law, please refer to the various Acts and Regulations (as amended) indicated in the Code. Abbreviations are listed below.

Most of the provisions apply on all roads throughout Great Britain, although there are some exceptions. The definition of a road in England and Wales is β€˜any highway and any other road to which the public has access and includes bridges over which a road passes’ (RTA 1988 sect 192(1)). In Scotland, there is a similar definition which is extended to include any way over which the public have a right of passage (R(S)A 1984 sect 151(1)).

It is important to note that references to β€˜road’ therefore generally include footpaths, bridleways and cycle tracks, and many roadways and driveways on private land (including many car parks). In most cases, the law will apply to them and there may be additional rules for particular paths or ways. Some serious driving offences, including drink-driving offences, also apply to all public places, for example public car parks.

The reference to β€˜emergency area’ in the Code is an β€˜emergency refuge area’ as defined in the Motorways Traffic (England and Wales) Regulations 1982 as amended by the Motorways Traffic (England and Wales)(Amendment)(England) Regulations 2015.

Acts and regulations are available as enacted or as amended at www.legislation.gov.uk and are available in their original print format from The Stationery Office.

Acts and regulations prior to 1988

Act or regulation Abbreviation
Chronically Sick & Disabled Persons Act 1970 CSDPA
Functions of Traffic Wardens Order 1970 FTWO
Greater London (General Powers) Act 1974 GL(GP)A
Highway Act 1835 or 1980 (as indicated) HA
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) Regulations 1982 MT(E&W)R
Pedal Cycles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1983 PCUR
Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981 PPVA
Road Traffic Act 1984 RTA
Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 RTRA
Road Vehicles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1986 CUR
Roads (Scotland) Act 1984 R(S)A

Acts and regulations from 1988 onwards

Act or regulation Abbreviation
Environmental Protection Act 1990 EPA
Horses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Act 1990 H(PHYR)A
Horses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Regulations 1992 H(PHYR)R
Motor Cycles (Eye Protectors) Regulations 1999 MC(EP)R
Motor Cycles (Protective Helmets) Regulations 1998 MC(PH)R
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 or 2018 (as indicated) MT(E&W)(A)R
Motorways Traffic (England & Wales) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2015 MT(E&W)(A)(E)R
Motorways Traffic (Scotland) Regulations 1995 MT(S)R
Motorways Traffic (Scotland) (Amendment) Regulations 2004 or 2018 (as indicated) MT(S)(A)R
Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999 MV(DL)R
Motor Vehicles (Variation of Speed Limits) (England & Wales) Regulations 2014 MV(VSL)(E&W)
Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) Regulations 1993 MV(WSB)R
Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2005 or 2006 (as applicable) MV(WSB)(A)R
Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts by Children in Front Seats) Regulations 1993 MV(WSBCFS)R
New Roads and Streetworks Act 1991 NRSWA
Pedal Cycles (Construction & Use) Regulations 1983 PCUR
Police Reform Act 2002 PRA
Private Crossings (Signs and Barriers) Regulations PC(SB)R
Prohibition of Smoking in Certain Premises (Scotland) Regulations 2006. Scottish SI 2006/No 90 TPSCP(S)R*
Restricted Roads (20mph Speed Limit) Order 2022 (SI 2022/800) RR(20)O
Road Safety Act 2006 RSA
Road Traffic Act 1984, 1988 or 1991 as indicated RTA
Road Traffic Act 1988 (Prescribed Limit)(Scotland) Regulations 2014 PLSR
Road Traffic (New Drivers) Act 1995 RT(ND)A
Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 RTOA
Road Vehicles (Construction and Use)(Amendment)(No 4) Regulations 2003 CUR(A)(No4)R
Road Vehicles (Display of Registration Marks) Regulations 2001 RV(DRM)R
Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989 RVLR
Road Vehicles (Registration & Licensing) Regulations 2002 RV(R&L)R
Sentencing Act 2020 SA
Smoke-free (Exemptions and Vehicles) Regulations 2007 SI 2007/765 TSf(EV)*
Smoke-free Premises etc (Wales) Regulations 2007 SI 2007/W787 TSfP(W)R*
Smoke-free (Private Vehicles) Regulations 2015 S-f(PV)R
Smoke-free Premises etc (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2015 S-f(W)R
Smoking Prohibition (Children in Motor Vehicles) (Scotland) Act 2016 SP(CIMV)(S)A
Traffic Management Act 2004 TMA
Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2002 TSRGD
Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2016 TSRGD 2016
Use of Invalid Carriages on Highways Regulations 1988 UICHR
Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 VERA
Zebra, Pelican and Puffin Pedestrian Crossings Regulations and General Directions 1997 ZPPPCRGD

*Specific legislation applies to smoking in vehicles which constitute workplaces.

For information, visit:

Industry leading reviews from 2555 verified buyers...

Keep up to date with us on social media...

Want to sample the most up-to-date DVSA practice driving theory test questions and answers before you sit your UK DVSA driving theory test? Get your free theory test practice here πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/67K9g2c8o5 #theorytestpractice #cartheorytest #theorytest #drivingtest
1 day ago
Is your driving theory test coming up soon? πŸ‘€ The best way to prepare is by taking practice theory tests, especially if your test date is close. πŸŽ“ We’ve got free practice tests ready for you. Try one now. πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/pOORgktQtG #theorytestpractice #cartheorytest
2 days ago
How long is a theory test valid? πŸ€·β€β™€οΈπŸ€·β€β™‚οΈ Our handy article below will help you understand everything you need to about your driving theory test πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/A9ix1I8SNf https://t.co/GARLXOi1uG
3 days ago
Which colour follows the green signal at a puffin crossing? πŸš¦πŸš— Find out now along with everything you need to know about puffin crossings πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/HSqCXTdB4b #puffincrossing #theorytest #drivingtheorytest #booktheorytest https://t.co/jFq6xlnNzj
4 days ago
πŸš— Revising for your theory test? Use our FREE theory test practice resources to test your knowledge and build confidence. πŸ‘‰ https://t.co/66v9hVuK0d #theorytest #theorytestpractice
5 days ago
Looking for theory test revision? πŸš—πŸš›πŸοΈπŸšŒ Get started with Driving Theory 4 All by taking a free mock theory test πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/7il2jIpX4r #theorytest #mocktheorytest #theorytestpractice https://t.co/xy4U02578A
6 days ago
Looking to take your car driving theory test soon? πŸ‘€ Try a free DVSA practice theory test so see how prepared you are πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/pOORgktQtG #drivingtheorytest #cartheorytest #theorytest #practicetheorytest
1 week ago
Want to try some FREE mock theory tests to get ready to pass your DVSA theory test in 2026? πŸ‘€ Whether you're taking your car theory test or your ADI Part 1 theory test we've got you covered! πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/7il2jIpX4r https://t.co/c4Z0Lc6hGa
1 week ago
Learning to drive? πŸš— Don’t forget the Highway Code! It’s essential for becoming a safe, confident driver and will help you prepare for your driving theory test and make safer decisions on the road. πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/cw9v6M6xwS #theorytest #cartheorytest
1 week ago
Learning to drive is exciting for everyone, but what age can you start driving in the UK? πŸ€·β€β™‚οΈ This article explains what you need to do and how old you need to be to start driving in the UK πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/SQM1vN26iB #drivingtheorytest #drivingtheory4all #cartheorytest https://t.co/nlXOgpMjT1
1 week ago
Where should you avoid overtaking? πŸ›£οΈπŸš— Answer this DVSA revision theory test question now πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/xwZ7u1ygb4 #theorytest #practicetheorytest #theorytestpractice #dvsatheorytest https://t.co/vu5YDFRVDK
1 week ago
Getting ready to take your car theory test? πŸš— Make sure you feel confident before the big day with some extra theory test practice πŸ‘€ Our free practice theory test is a simple way to test your knowledge, and see which areas you might need to revise πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/pOORgktQtG
2 weeks ago
Do you know the UK speed limits? πŸš— Single carriageways = 60 mph and dual carriageways and motorways = 70 mph πŸ›€οΈ Find out everything you need to know πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/Dq7Fqfqy2f https://t.co/Iijurndj6G
2 weeks ago
How ready are you for the car theory test? πŸš—πŸ“ Take a free 50-question DVSA-style mock theory test, get instant feedback and compare your score with the real pass mark. Try it here πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/rvl4V1Xkt2 #cartheorytest #mocktheorytest
2 weeks ago
Theory test question 🚨 What type of emergency vehicle is fitted with a green flashing beacon? Do you know the answer? Test yourself before revealing the explanation πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/hGxShF6n9g #theorytest #theorytestpractice
2 weeks ago
Preparing for your PCV theory test? 🚌 Try a free 100-question PCV mock theory test with instant feedback and explanations, then compare your score with the 85/100 pass mark. Start the test πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/AxWuuty8Xi #PCV #theorytest
2 weeks ago
Can you recognise the roundabout warning sign? πŸ”ΊπŸš— It’s one of the UK road signs you may need to identify in your DVSA theory test. Take a closer look πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/gJECMDwU45
2 weeks ago
Can you recognise the roundabout warning sign? πŸ”ΊπŸš— It’s one of the UK road signs you may need to identify in your DVSA theory test. Take a closer look πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/gJECMDwU45 #roadsigns #theorytest
2 weeks ago
Do you know your motorway reflective stud colours? πŸ›£οΈ White, red, amber, green and green/yellow studs all have different meanings. Make sure you know where you’ll see each one πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/HJVVIz7mFy #theorytest #learnerdriver
2 weeks ago
What is a puffin crossing? 🚦🚢 Puffin crossings use sensors to detect pedestrians and adjust the signals while people are crossing. Find out how they work and what you need to know for your theory test πŸ‘‡ https://t.co/HSqCXTdB4b #theorytest #roadsafety
2 weeks ago